Logistics

There are some basic decisions to make about the type of diving you would like to do on your trip.

Land or boat based?

At the most fundamental level, you must decide if you’d rather be based on land or a boat. A liveaboard trip is a wonderful way to visit some of the more exclusive dive sites and they’re generally all-inclusive except for some extras like alcoholic drinks and crew tips. However, it means living offshore on a dive boat for several days. If your partner is a non-diver this may not suit them.

Alternatively, at many resorts, you can take day (or even half-day) dive trips. You may leave your hotel in the morning, take part in one or two local dives, and return by early afternoon, allowing your non-diving family or friends to explore on land or relax while you explore beneath the surface.

What is the distance from your hotel to the dive shop?

If you choose a land-based trip, how are you getting to the dive center and onward to the dive site each day? Some dive centers are based within the confines of the hotel; others are independent but will arrange your pick-up and transfers to and from the dive center. Additionally, what is the travel time to/from the dive site? Some ‘local’ dive sites may still require considerable transport time by road or boat.

With the above in mind, consider your personal comfort during the day’s activities. Are refreshments provided? Or will you need to take some food and water with you? Are there facilities onboard such as toilets? How many dives per day? Is there protection from the elements at the dive site or onboard the boat? What is the anticipated time of return to the hotel or resort? Be sure that you’re not chasing the clock with your dives and don’t risk diving too close to your flight home.

Also, be aware of any medical conditions you have that may impact diving. Most dive boats and shops will ask you to fill out a medical screening form, so if there has been any change in your health since you last dove, have a physician’s approval on hand if you answer any questions with a ‘yes.’

Diving

Asking pertinent questions will help you decide if you’re qualified or experienced enough for the diving at your prospective location.

When is the dive season?

Some diving locations, such as the Red Sea, offer year-round diving. However, in other locations, there is a very distinct season, which may be due to weather patterns, such as a monsoon season. Or, it may be for legal reasons, such as a marine park being closed for a period each year. Additionally, if there are a particular marine species that you want to see, research the time of year they are most likely to be present in that area. Do your homework before you book.

What is your dive style?

Not all dives are created equal. If you’re a novice diver or an infrequent diver, inquire about the local diving requirements and technique. For example, if you have a passion for history and wish to explore the wrecks of Scapa Flow, you must have a suitable qualification and experience in a drysuit, colder temperatures and lower visibility. The wrecks are at depth in the challenging conditions of the North Sea and diving them is nothing like a tropical reef.

At the other extreme, some warm, tropical waters are exposed to strong currents as the ocean funnels between channels, around atolls or spirals around pinnacles, creating up and down currents. Diving in these environments requires an aptitude at drift diving and an awareness of your surroundings during the dive. You may have to perform a negative entry at some of these locations or, at the least, you may have to leave the surface as quickly as it’s safe to do so to avoid missing the dive site altogether. Researching the local conditions will help you decide if you feel comfortable with the diving in a particular location. If you don’t, you can obtain the proper training or, alternatively, choose an alternative destination.

Many liveaboard dive vessels in demanding environments require that divers have a minimum of Advanced Open Water qualification (or equivalent), with 50 logged dives. Carrying a dive computer is often also mandatory. This is usually because of the challenges of the individual dive sites, or because most of the sites on the itinerary require the qualification and experience to dive comfortably in the 100-foot (30 m) depth range, often using nitrox.

Equipment

Be sure to pack the equipment you’ll need for the dive environment, for that time of year, and for the itinerary. Ask what may be suitable.

Water temperatures can vary considerably — even in some warmer environments — so ask what the water temperature will be at the depth of your dives and time of year. Consider the cooler temperatures and thermoclines sometimes found at depth. It’s better to be overdressed than too cold during the dive, so pack an appropriate exposure suit, hood, and gloves, if required.

Check any other equipment recommendations for diving in the area. Whether you have a guide or not, SMBs and reels may be mandatory. Each diver may be required to carry a dive computer, and nitrox may be the standard gas. Conversely, when diving in a marine park, gloves, pointers, reef hooks or knives may be forbidden. After some research, it will be easier to decide what equipment of your own you’ll take, and what equipment you may wish to rent locally.

Supervision and groups

Don’t assume you’ll have a dive guide, whether on a boat or diving from land. While in many places a dive guide is standard, it’s not universal. In some areas, such as parts of Australia, a dive guide costs extra. It may be expected that certified divers will plan and execute their dives in buddy pairs independently once briefed. In contrast, in some areas it’s mandatory to dive with a local guide due to local marine-park legislation.

Ask how many divers are typically in each group. Should you have special dive requirements, it’s better to let the dive operation know early. Trip leaders will often split groups into nitrox vs. air, photographers vs. non-photographers, and so on. For example, a photographer in a group of non-photographers is sometimes a frustration for both parties. If you have any doubts or feel your diving may be compromised, you can usually pay for a private guide.

Etiquette

Making the effort to discover the basics of local life will usually pay dividends. What configuration are the local electricity sockets? Do you need to change your currency to local currency for paying bar tabs? Or are US dollars, Euros or British pounds acceptable? What is the tipping etiquette in the local area? Many local boat crews and guides survive on the customer tips they receive, so knowing a realistic tip will help you to budget accordingly.

Additionally, if you’re visiting another country to dive, knowing the basics of the local language enough to be able to say thank-you, please, yes, and no, as a bare minimum, will help you be courteous to the local boat crew.

Conclusion

There is so much more to consider when planning a dive trip than simply choosing a location and flight. Do some work before you go. Intelligent research, along with asking the right questions, can help you have a safer and more rewarding dive trip.

The post Training Fundamentals: Planning a Dive Trip appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

Avoidance only worsens the problem and unchecked panic during a dive can result in injury, or even death. Check out the detailed plan below with techniques compiled with the help of a psychologist.

Note: Do not use this article as a substitute for medical, psychological, or dive instructor advice, or as a guide to get back into the water before you’re ready.

Understand the problem

Panic is both a biological and a psychological response to what the body perceives as a life or death situation. Physically, your breathing rate often initially increases, and you’ll feel a strong urge to inhale. Your heart rate increases, and faster, shallow breaths build up carbon dioxide (CO₂) in your system. These physical processes can convince the brain that something bad is occurring. The brain then increases the reaction, sending out stress hormones and convincing your lungs and heart to work even harder. This can turn into a vicious cycle, spiraling into a panic response made even worse since you know that fast breathing can deplete your tank and panic can kill divers.

First, figure out what triggered your panic attack. Some common triggers include:

• A prior dive accident/incident you experienced or witnessed
• A situation/environment you faced for the first time (e.g., low visibility, fast current, cold water, etc.)
• New or different equipment (e.g., different fins, heavier weight, thicker neoprene, etc.)
• Ill-fitting equipment
• Equipment that feels restrictive
• Too much gear
• The physical shock of cold water
• Overexertion
• Stress in your life built up to a critical level
• Lack of sleep
• A combination of the above

Recognizing what caused the initial panic can mitigate the problem in the future.

Increase your confidence with repeated, easy dives

Every time you experience a bad dive, it increases your panic response. Build up your confidence with repeated easy dives where you feel safe to help overcome the previous trauma.

• Dive in a pool or start with easy dives in shallow water, preferably with good visibility and no current. Dive when relaxed and well-rested to ensure a good experience.
• Slow things down and dive at your own pace.
• Dive with someone you trust and not with a group.
• Don’t increase the difficulty of your dives until you’ve completed many dives successfully without even a hint of panic.

Dive with a supportive instructor or DM

Hire a well-trained and supportive instructor/DM to dive alone with you—not as a course or a group dive. You may not be able to dive as often, but fewer successful dives are better than lots of dives with a higher chance of an issue.

Talk honestly with the instructor/DM about your panic and agree on how they can help you underwater detailing all the specifics. For example:

• Should they touch you or not during the dive or a panic attack? Some people prefer their hand held. Sometimes, touch feels more claustrophobic.
• How close should they stay during the dive or a panic attack? Some people desire someone next to them. Others prefer no one invade their personal space.
• Should they signal you during the dive or a panic attack? Repeatedly questioning if you’re ok can increase anxiety. During a panic attack, the person calmly performing the “slow down” hand signal timed with exaggerated slow breathing may be more helpful.

Don’t rush diving down

Enter the water, but remain on the surface and calm yourself for a few minutes before you descend. There’s no harm in ever telling a buddy or your instructor/DM that you need time to compose yourself before diving.

Then, slowly descend with no rush. Remain extremely shallow for a while if it feels safer to you or descend in stages, dropping down a few feet at a time while holding onto a line.

Dive with solid equipment

Your equipment impacts how you feel on a dive:

• Only dive with regularly-serviced equipment you know you can count on.
• Avoid ill-fitting equipment. A tight suit feels claustrophobic whereas a loose suit won’t maintain good warmth. A leaky or fog-prone mask can restrict your sight. Even if you can’t afford a full dive kit, purchasing a mask, fins, and wet suit that all fit perfectly can mitigate many problems.
• New equipment—even just a new pair of fins—feels uncomfortable. Test it out in a pool first.
• Hoods can feel restrictive around your throat. Instead, wear a dive cap or beanie with an adjustable strap for iwarmth with less constriction.
• Don’t dive with any unnecessary equipment while you’re working through your issues (e.g., a camera, a lift bag, etc.).
• Don’t dive with equipment that’s even slightly problematic on the surface—it doesn’t get better underwater.
• Ensure you’re diving with the correct amount of weight. Too much and you’ll feel like you’re being dragged down. Too little and you’ll fight floating to the surface. Perform a weight/buoyancy check before diving.

Adjust for narcosis

If you’re deeper than 100 feet (30 meters) and feel panicky, ascend to a shallower depth at a safe rate to avoid the complication of nitrogen narcosis.

Mitigate cold-water shock

Cold shock is the physiological response to sudden cold, especially immersion in cold water. Cold-water shock increases your breathing rate and can spiral you down into a panic response. Wearing heavier weight, more equipment, or a thicker wet suit can feel far more restrictive. Minimize these issues during a dive by first jumping into the water without equipment, aside from the barest essentials like your suit, mask, fins, and hood. Swim around.

Once you feel comfortable, remove your mask and place your face fully in the water for a little bit to accelerate the adjustment. All air-breathing mammals possess the “mammalian diving reflex,” a physiological response triggered by cold water hitting the face. The reflex slows the heart rate and constricts blood vessels, which can affect breathing. Adjust for this before you dive to ensure you’re not gulping for air as you descend.

Note: If you’re diving in a wetsuit, then flood it by actively separating the suit’s neck from your body. Flood water into your hood/beanie. Then, wiggle around until you feel the cold water spread everywhere. This forces your body to heat that water up, kicking off the adaptation process. It also loosens up the thick wetsuit, relieving that constricted feeling. Once you’ve adjusted to the cold water and feel relaxed with easy breathing, then don the rest of your equipment to dive.

Prevent overheating

Feeling hot before a dive increases feelings of suffocation. Prevent overheating on land with the following methods:

• Reduce the amount of time you’re geared up.
• Prevent overexertion by finding easier ways to slip on a suit (e.g., use a dive skin under a wetsuit).
• Leave the top of your suit down around your waist until the last minute.
• Pour water inside your wet suit. If you’re in a dry suit, pour water on your head.

Practice techniques to deal with panic

Ending a dive prematurely due to panic only solidifies your body/mind’s association that dives equal panic-inducing situations. Instead, try helping your brain and body deal with panic by practicing the methods below on land first.

• Recognize that you’re having a panic attack, that you’re ok, and that you can disrupt the panic response cycle.
• Utilize deep, diaphragmatic breathing. A slow inhale, and a slow and even fuller exhale will signal to your brain and body that everything’s fine. This will force your body to relax and combat the physical stress response. Your breathing urges are driven by excessive CO₂, not by a lack of oxygen. Ridding yourself of the CO₂ with those deep exhales relieves the out-of-breath distress.
• If it’s safe, stop swimming and relax your body in the water.
• Recite a simple mantra internally and repeat it slowly (e.g., “I’m ok” or “I am calm” or “breathe in; breathe out”).
• Focus on a single object that isn’t moving and consciously note everything about it. Something on your gear or your own body you can easily examine like your hand works well. Become as detailed as possible with your observations to distract yourself from focusing on your panic. For example: Cuticles require trimming, cuticle on thumb is fairly short, nails are filed into an oval shape, etc.
• Practice mindfulness to ground you in the reality around you. Focus on all the familiar physical sensations, such as how your hands feel clasping each other or how your arms feel during a dive, how your fingers feel touching your dive watch, how the water feels on your skin, etc. All of these specific sensations keep you in the moment and focus you on something objective.
• Use muscle relaxation techniques.
• If all else fails, swim a little shallower ascending at a safe rate without surfacing. This can help you feel near enough to surface easily but allow you to push through the panic during the dive. The more often you can process panic underwater, the easier all of this will become.

Determine what may help long-term

Figure out how to feel safer long-term. Don’t take a dive course or make major changes while still working through your panic. Instead, keep these thoughts as a part of a future plan. For example:

• Secure a back-up source of air — not one of those mini tanks with little air for an emergency, but a pony bottle or a full-size second tank to feel more at ease. Train with it first in a pool before diving.
• Take a self-reliant/solo diving course — not to solo dive, but so you can self-rescue.
• Only dive with trusted buddies or a DM/instructor, and not insta-buddies.
• Swap your gear: For instance, your fins may not mesh well with the type of kicks you prefer. Maybe a different style of BCD (or a backplate and wing) would better fit the way you dive. If you’re diving in cold water with a thick wetsuit, perhaps a drysuit class is in store.
• Evaluate your diving with a skilled instructor: Your buoyancy skills, your trim, and your kicks can affect how much you push your body during a dive. Practice an instructor to dramatically improve your diving and reduce your overall air consumption rate.

Secure professional help

Sometimes, the best way to address a traumatic experience or recurring panic is to secure professional support for the anxiety related to the event(s). You may want to enlist a professional to walk you through the techniques to deal with panic — and help you get back in the water confidently once and for all.

Note: Perform due diligence and choose a trained and licensed professional with experience in treating panic. If you live in the United States, search using the Psychologist Locator from the American Psychological Association including “panic” as the keyword under practice area. Most psychologists will offer you a free 15-minute introductory call where you can pepper them with questions and see if you click. You may have to attend multiple intro calls or even full-on sessions with different psychologists until you determine the perfect professional for you, but the right person can calm your world.

The post Overcoming Dive Panic appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

Stay in touch with your local dive center

This is a stressful time for everyone, but those operating dive centers must also try to care for staff members and maintain a business when basically no one can dive. Of course, we’re all anxious to get back in the water as soon as this is over, but the unavoidable uncertainty of our current reality is likely to have caused some dive center owners a few sleepless nights. Get in touch with your local shop and that let them know you’ll be back as soon as this is all over — it’s just a small gesture, but it’s likely to mean a lot.

Maintain your gear

While you can’t actually use it, take this time to assess your gear’s quality. Do you need to replace anything? Could you add any new accessories to your underwater set up? Beyond your actual equipment, consider purchasing eco-friendly products that will help protect ocean health in the long run. By this, we mean sustainable swimwear, reusable water bottles, reef-safe sunscreen and more.

Go diving through your laptop

Watch the ocean on Explore.org with a non-diving friend or family member. Who knows, they might end up becoming a diver thanks to you. This awesome site offers an impressive selection of live in-ocean webcams dotted all over the world, complete with audio so you can hear the relaxing clicking and bubbling sounds that you usually only get to experience firsthand.

Register for a free webinar

A quick Google search will bring up an impressive number of free ocean-themed workshops arranged specifically to tide us over in this unprecedented time. Show your support by signing up for “Gardening Corals for Reef Restoration” hosted by the NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries and Katie Lohr, a Conservation Science Fellow. This webinar will give you the 411 on cutting-edge techniques for propagating and restoring corals, direct to your living room. You may be so impressed that you want to put your newfound knowledge into practice when you are able to. To register, click here.

Sign up for e-learning

Just because we can’t get in the ocean right now doesn’t mean we can’t prepare ourselves for our next dive trip. This is a good time to sign up for theory-only courses (such as your nitrox qualification), or get the knowledge component of your next course out of the way in advance so you don’t need to waste a moment getting wet after the lockdown is lifted.

Email your favorite dive resort or liveaboard

Just as your local dive center is anxiously waiting for this storm to pass, so too is your favorite dive resort or liveaboard. With most of the world literally grounded, many businesses in the travel sector are worrying whether they’ll be able to make it through to the other side, and if they do, if their loyal customer base will still be there. Reach out and let them know that you love them and once you’re able to, you’ll be heading out to dive with them again.

Get social

Post pictures of your favorite diving memories on social media and comment on others. This is all about keeping the conversation alive and staying connected to the wider dive community at a time when we can’t be physically close to one another. Cruise Facebook for your local dive center, dive resort or liveaboard’s page, or tag them on other channels like Twitter and Instagram.

Sign up for dive-related email lists and publications

There’s a huge array of traditional print material and online sources to choose from. (You probably already know that as you’re reading this on one of the best sources for dive content). Make the most of these services by singing up to as many email lists as you can and consider getting a subscription for one or more of the high-quality diver publications out there. That way, the ocean will literally arrive at your door.

Review your diving bucket list

Now’s a great time to review your dream dive destinations. Ask your dive buddies for theirs, and spend hours trawling through the dive travel sites on the internet, watching YouTube videos and reading reviews. This’ll help you prepare for your next adventure, so you don’t waste any time once travel is possible again.

Donate to seagrass and mangrove planting initiatives

Spend some time reading up on the magical qualities of seagrass meadows and mangrove swamps. In case you weren’t already aware, these fantastic ecosystems support millions of marine species, acting as a safe refuge for numerous juvenile fish. From sharks to seahorses, you’ll be surprised by how empty the ocean would be without these habitats. What’s more, they’re also incredible at absorbing carbon from the atmosphere — 35 times more effective than the Amazon rainforest — making them a powerful tool in tackling climate change.

The post Ten Ways to Positively Impact the Dive Community … By Staying Home appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

Fourth Element OceanPositive

This popular dive gear company from the U.K. produces a broad range of sustainable swimwear and is well-known for a commitment to ocean conservation.

Products tested:

• Light coverage: Thresher bikini
• Medium coverage: Mako bikini & Harlequin swimsuit
• Full coverage: Long-sleeve Hydroskin and Hydro Leggings

What makes OceanPositive swimwear great for divers?

• Broad range of swimwear styles for all shapes, sizes and preferences
• Wrist loops prevent Hydroskin sleeves from bunching up when donning your wetsuit
• Lightweight, quick drying materials
• Affordable options for all budgets

What are the products made from?

• ECONYL, a recycled nylon made from recovered ghost nets and other ocean wastes.

 Sun protection and degradation resistance

• Chlorine, heat and sunscreen resistant
• UPF50+ sun protection 

How did the products perform?

All of the products were true to size and didn’t pinch anywhere despite not having adjustable straps/sizes.

Of all the swimwear brands tested, the OceanPositive products were the quickest to dry between dives, even in the shade, making them ideal for multi-dive days.

While the Thresher bikini offers a sleek and minimal design, the removable padded cups and racer-back straps were still supportive.For fuller coverage, I recommend the Mako bikini and swimsuit. The Mako bikini top clasp and the swimsuit straps were a bit fussy, but they have one big advantage — you can tie the swimwear onto a liveaboard rail for drying without worrying they’ll blow away.

How is Fourth Element supporting ocean conservation?

• Constantly reviewing old products to add more sustainable fabrics
• Working closely with Reef World International and Global Ghost Gear Initiative
• Regularly helping with beach clean ups and retrieving ghost fishing nets
• Working to environmental standards that minimize the use of harmful chemicals
• Using biodegradable packaging 

SlipIns 

Robin Chesnie and Rick Rickman created SlipIns because of Chesnie’s struggles getting in and out of thick wetsuits. Seeing many other women struggling in the same way, she came up with products that make it easy to get in and out of our wetsuits.

Products tested

• AquaMermaid Swimsuit
• Whale Shark DiveSkin

What makes SlipIns swimwear great for divers?

• Material has plenty of stretch for comfort and easy movement in the water
• Foot stirrups and thumb holes keep the suit in place when putting your wetsuit on
• The one-piece DiveSkins provide protection against abrasions and stinging ocean critters

What are the products made from?

• Nylon, polyester and Spandex

Sun protection and degradation resistance

• UPF 60+ rating and full-body sun protection

How did the products perform?

Admittedly, I was self-conscious about being dressed as a whale shark on a boat full of guys but I felt fabulous from the moment I put the DiveSkin on.

The material is unbelievably silky and lightweight. Both the DiveSkin and swimsuit are also extremely flattering and stretchy. As well as being perfect under a wetsuit, the products were great for snorkeling and for covering up in the sun.

How is SlipIns supporting ocean conservation?

• SlipIns eliminate the need for sunscreen during water sports, thanks to a full range of high-coverage swimwear for men and women
• Helping to minimize harmful chemicals entering the ocean by decreasing our use of sunscreens

Gemma Lee

Founded by ocean-loving Kiwi and fashion graduate Gemma Lee, this eco-conscious surf and dive label really stands out from the crowd with its vibrant swimwear and wetsuits.

Products tested

• Retro Tides 2mm Springsuit

What makes Gemma Lee wetsuits great for divers?

• Vibrant colors and limited-edition designs
• Ideal for underwater photography subjects
• Flat-locked stitched seams for extra comfort in the water
• Lightweight suits offer flexible layering for warm- and cool-water dives
• Front zippers make it easy to wear and remove the suits

What are the products made from?

• Eco-conscious 2mm limestone-based neoprene
• All nylon features are made from recycled PET bottles.

Sun protection and degradation resistance

• High sun protection from neoprene wetsuit coverage

How did the product perform?

The vibrant patterns on Gemma Lee suits add a great pop of color to your dive kit. At 2mm, the Springsuit is thin enough to easily wear under a wetsuit but is also suitable for and tropical diving on its own.

Personally, I loved the suit for extra warmth when snorkeling. It didn’t restrict my movements in any way, even when going up and down dive platform ladders.

The fit was true to size and the low rise cut on the hips is ideal for coverage over a bikini. It’s a great lightweight suit for travel when you’re tight on luggage allowance but want a warm layer that fits like a glove.

How is Gemma Lee supporting ocean conservation?

Gemma Lee has taken numerous steps to ensure her products are sustainable, ethical and eco-conscious, including:

• Yarn made of PET bottles
• Using limestone-based neoprene instead of petroleum-based neoprene
• Gemma Lee’s textile supplier does not use hazardous chemicals in the dyes
• The dyeing process uses 80 percent less water than standard dyeing techniques

Ocean Mimic 

Ocean Mimic is a charity and global movement empowering individuals to reduce the amount of plastic entering the oceans. As part of their mission, Ocean Mimic has created recycled swimwear inspired by the creatures they aim to protect.

Products tested

• Parrotfish bodysuit

What makes Ocean Mimic bodysuits great for divers?

• Variety of ocean-themed designs, from parrotfish and clownfish to whale sharks
• Soft and breathable fabric with two-way stretch and unrestricted movement
• Lightweight and versatile for dive travel
• Thicker panels front and back for coverage without need for a swimsuit underneath

What are the products made from?

• Made from 100 percent recycled material: 78 percent recycled ECONYL yarn; 22 percent Elastane

Sun protection and degradation resistance

• UPF 50 sun protection
• Chlorine, sunscreen and saltwater resistant

How did the product perform?

The high neck and low-rise hip design provided great sun protection and the suit was very comfortable (and warm) under a wetsuit.

I really liked the thicker fabric panels at the front and back of the suit for modesty. You could easily wear this suit without a bikini underneath. The suit sizes are quite small and less stretchy than other suits I tried, so go up a size for comfort.

The sleeves stayed in place perfectly under my wetsuit, despite having no thumb loops, and the zipper is built to last.

How is Ocean Mimic supporting ocean conservation?

• Organizing beach clean-ups
• Educating local children about why plastic is a problem and providing solutions to plastic pollution
• For every $10 you spend with Ocean Mimic, the charity pledges to pick up 1 kg (2.2 pounds) of waste
• Product packaging is entirely recyclable and plastic-free

Waterlust

Waterlust began as an experimental project by ocean science graduates and has evolved into a popular dive-clothing brand supporting ocean science and conservation initiatives.

Products tested

• Whale Shark Warrior leggings and reversible top

What makes Waterlust leggings and tops great for divers?

• Seamless, reversible top with no tags
• Good mid-level support and moisture wicking: ideal for diving, yoga, swimming, etc.
• Resilient 4-way stretch and shape retention
• Customizable legging lengths
• Internal front waistband leggings pocket
• Deep side pockets for other essentials

What are the products made from?

• Repreve, a material made from post-consumer plastic bottles

Sun protection and degradation resistance

• 100 percent chlorine, sun, saltwater and sunscreen resistant
• UPF 50+ sun protection

How did the products perform?

Waterlust leggings are thicker than other dive leggings and add plenty of warmth when diving and snorkeling. I found the fabric took a while to dry because of its thickness but the product versatility made up for that.

Designed for use in numerous sports, the leggings and top fit closely and the high waist was secure and comfortable. It was easy to fold the waistband over for a lower waist if preferred.

The deep pockets on the leggings are great for safely storing essentials. You can wear the leggings long or easily pull them up just under the knees.

Top tip: Keep the legs long for wearing comfortably over your feet with closed-heel fins.

How is Waterlust supporting ocean conservation?

• 100 percent recycled and recyclable packaging
• Mailer bags are made from 100 percent post-consumer material and dual-adhesive strips mean you can reuse the bags
• Partnering with researchers and educators on ocean conservation work and sharing their findings online
• Donating 10 percent of profits to support ocean conservation and research initiatives

Batoko

Batoko, a small, fun swimwear brand in the U.k. creates swimsuits that are bold, flattering and eye-catching.

Products tested

• Orca swimsuit

What makes Batoko swimwear great for divers?

• Classic shape and great coverage
• They’re fully lined, so no see-through swimwear when diving
• Great bust support without cups or wiring
• Work for a variety of body heights and shapes, making them ideal for active pursuits
• Batoko produces matching adult and kids swimwear for the whole dive family

What are the products made from?

• 100 percent recycled plastic (polyester)
• Vegan-friendly products

Sun protection and degradation resistance

• Not tested for sun protection, but polyester has a high resistance to UV radiation and the fabric is tightly woven
• Polyester is very resistant to chlorine

How did the products perform?

I couldn’t stop smiling when wearing the orca swimsuit. The suits are great fun and offer unique designs. The material was very soft and yet thick, with support that withstood multiple dives.

I recommend buying a smaller size than usual for these suits if you’re petite, as I found the straps tended to slip off my shoulders.

How is Batoko supporting ocean conservation?

• Recycling the equivalent weight of 300,000 plastic bottles into swimwear so far
• Workplace powered by renewable energy
• Vegan supply chain
• Donating a proportion of their annual profits to the Marine Conservation Society UK
• Participating in reforestation projects to offset their carbon
• Plastic-free packaging and eco-conscious swimwear printing processes

Shapes in the Sand

Born from a desire to help restore the environment and represent the diversity of women, Shapes in the Sand produces a broad range of sustainable on-trend swimwear for all.

Products tested

• Mystic Wrap Over crop
• Mystic mid-rise V-Pant
• Mystic cropped rash guard

What makes Shapes in the Sand swimwear great for divers?

• Broad range of mix-and-match swimwear separates are ideal for dive holidays
• Variety of coverage and support options for all body shapes
• Seasonal collections support ocean conservationists
• Made of EVO, which dries 50 percent faster than standard polyamide
• Thermal-isolation fabric protects you from temperature variations

What are the products made from?

• ECONYL yarn
• EVO, a yarn made from castor bean oil

Sun protection and degradation resistance

• UPF 50+
• Chlorine resistant

How did the products perform?

The patterned fabric and embellishments on the ties made Shapes in the Sand fashionable and yet functional when diving.

The black Mystic cropped rash guard is an eye-catching change from standard length rash guards and offered plenty of warmth despite being cropped. The rash guard looked great with the bikini bottoms and didn’t ride up at all

Despite being a wrap-over design with a low-cut front, the Mystic crop provided plenty of support and kept everything in place in the water. If you have a large bust, try a different style, however, as the cup size is relatively small.

Ties at the back of the bikini top made it easy to dry on a rail when liveaboard diving.

How is Shapes in the Sand supporting ocean conservation?

• Using EVO, which is a totally renewable resource that requires little water and has no food-chain impacts
• Local printing method does not use water or any harsh chemicals
• Fabric remnants become accessories such as head wraps
• Packaging and labels are recycled and sustainably sourced, down to the swimwear tags and care labels
• Partnering with ocean conservation initiatives

Kathryn Curzon, a shark conservationist and dive travel writer wrote this article. Follow her adventures at www.kathryncurzon.com

 All images courtesy of the author unless otherwise noted.

The post Seven Sustainable Swimwear Brands for Divers appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

Why would you take this course?

This course has been designed for all certified divers, so if you are already an open water diver (or equivalent) or above and aged 12 years old, you can enroll in this course.

This specialty goes over the problems created by marine debris in our environment, and the challenges it creates. During the course you will learn how to conduct a debris survey dive and how to report your data. This is a good way to contribute to a worldwide citizen-science program.

What is involved?

The course will take you through general information about the issue of marine debris in our environment. Subsequently, you will learn details on how to run a survey dive. The data collected on these dives is quite important for citizen science and helps Project AWARE compare different areas and analyze what types of debris are creating the worst issues in our environment. The course aims to teach divers a standard method of reporting that data.

You will receive a guide to marine debris, and you will learn how to use the Dive Against Debris data card to report your dive. All this material is freely available on the Project AWARE website.

Where can I take the course?

You can take it anywhere as, unfortunately, you’re likely to find marine debris on nearly every dive site. Some dive shops will have a specific dive site that is appropriate for underwater clean-ups, so the course offers a good way to not only learn about survey dives but also to go out and remove some trash from the ocean.

The post Project AWARE Dive Against Debris Specialty appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

Some sunscreens may harm coral reefs

A vacation by the ocean usually involves slathering on sunscreen to protect your skin from the sun when swimming, diving or snorkeling. However, sunscreen can wash off and enter the water column, and recent studies have shown some of its chemical compounds may harm coral reefs — even in very small doses.

According to the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), “a small number of studies have shown sunscreen and certain individual components of sunscreen can have negative effects on corals and other marine organisms under certain circumstances.”

Avoid certain chemicals

According to current research, the worst chemical offenders that may harm coral reefs include oxybenzone, which scientists have linked to the bleaching of coral fragments and cells, damage and deformation of coral larvae, and damage to coral DNA and its reproductive success, as well as octinoxate. Check the label when buying sunscreen and avoid products that include these ingredients. Also try to avoid sun blocks with “nano” particles, as these are small enough for corals to ingest. Look for “non-nano” ingredients instead. Lastly, look for mineral-based sunscreen rather than chemical sunscreens, as these ingredients have not currently been linked to coral bleaching.

Some destinations have already banned chemical sunscreens

While the scientific research around sunscreen is still in its early days, several destinations are taking a proactive approach and banning sunscreens that contain harmful chemicals.

These include Hawaii and Florida’s Key West, which will ban the sale of sunscreens containing oxybenzone and octinoxate from 2021. The U.S. Virgin Islands is also implementing a ban, which will take effect on March 30, 2020. It covers the distribution, sale and possession of sunscreens containing oxybenzone, octocrylene, and octinoxate.

Palau will ban oxybenzone, octocrylene, and octinoxate along with several other environmental pollutants, effective in January 1, 2020. Finally, Aruba will ban oxybenzone in 2020 and Bonaire will ban on all sunscreens containing oxybenzone or octinoxate by January 1, 2021.

Taking a precautionary approach is sensible

Research into reef-safe sunscreen is still in its early stages as scientists work to better understand the threats posed by chemical sunscreens and in which situations.

However, since we know there may be a potential issue, it’s best to be precautionary. ICRI explains: “Considering the many stresses already faced by reefs and current concerns about the toxicity of certain components of sunscreens to corals, a proactive and precautionary approach to dealing with this issue may be required.

Reducing the amount of harmful sunscreen components that reach the reef environment is a high priority and will require the involvement of governments, reef managers, divers, snorkelers and swimmers, and the tourism and pharmaceutical industries.”

ICRI recommends the following measures:

• Encouraging the manufacture of reef-friendly sunscreens
• Promoting the use of reef-friendly sunscreens and other methods of UV protection
• Regulating the sale and use of sunscreens containing toxins
• Exerting consumer pressure to encourage development and use of eco-friendly sunscreens
• Introducing financial disincentives for manufacture and use of potentially damaging sunscreens

Always check the label

Many companies are now including a “reef-safe” label on their products to help you identify which ones don’t contain harmful chemicals. However, as new research is coming out all the time, be sure to always check the listed ingredients.

One of Reef-World’s partners, Caudalie, not only has a new range of sunscreen products free of known harmful ingredients, but also provided funding to enable the charity to begin implementing its Green Fins initiative in Antigua and Barbuda.

Sunscreen isn’t the only answer

The risk from chemical sunscreens is that they wash off into the water column and negatively impact coral reefs. When talking about the potential risks of chemical sunscreens, many people are (quite rightly) concerned about the risk of getting sunburn.

But remember — there are other, simple ways to protect yourself from the sun. As well as using reef-safe sunscreens, find a spot in the shade or cover up with clothing to protect yourself from strong sunshine while you’re topside.

The Green Fins Code of Conduct now includes reef-safe sunscreen policies

As you might already know, the Green Fins Code of Conduct now includes reef-safe sunscreen policies. This is included in the assessment criteria to ensure your business, as part of the Green Fins network, is following ICRI’s guidelines regarding the impact of sunscreens on coral reefs. 

Dive and snorkel operators can help spread the word

Reef-safe sunscreen is a relatively new issue, so Green Fins members, and other dive and snorkel operators, can play their part in educating guests and encouraging positive sunscreen behaviors. An effective sunscreen policy should include:

• Encouraging customers to cover up in the sun
• Ensuring your staff know to ask guests to avoid using traditional sunscreens when they will come into contact with the sea
• Making sure non-reef safe sunscreen is only used when there is no risk of it entering the marine environment
• Ensuring your guests are aware of your sunscreen policy (e.g. briefings, posters, pre-trip information)

Help is at hand

To help your dive business implement its new sunscreen policy, download new materials here and here from the Green Fins Toolbox:

Remember, these are free to download, display and share, so feel free to use them in your own dive or snorkel operations.

The Reef-World Foundation leads the global implementation of the UN Environment’s Green Fins initiative, which focuses on driving environmentally friendly scuba diving and snorkeling practices globally.

If you’re interested in supporting The Reef-World Foundation in its work to protect coral reefs around the world through the Green Fins initiative, consider donating now. To keep up with their latest news and developments, please follow Reef-World on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.

Guest post by Melissa Hobson, The Reef-World Foundation

The post Nine Things You Need to Know about Sunscreen and Coral Reefs appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

Why would you take this course?

PADI and Project AWARE designed this course for all certified divers, so if you are already an open-water diver (or equivalent) or above, you can enroll in this course.

This specialty goes over basic facts about sharks, their biology, and then emphasizes conservation issues and threats to sharks, as well as actions we can take to protect them.

What is involved?

The course includes a student manual that offers a lot of information about shark populations and the threats they face. Depending on how your instructor teaches it, you might also join a classroom presentation covering some of these topics. As this is a Project AWARE course, all the materials are freely available on the website. Once you have completed the course, your certification fee goes toward Project AWARE to support their projects.

After covering the theory, your instructor will take you on two open-water dives. Of course, it would be amazing to see some sharks on those dives, but it might not always be the case. However, it’s not crucial to see sharks on these two dives. Instead, you will look at threats and positive impacts on the shark population in the local environment. Doing so will give you a better understanding of things that can have a positive or negative impact on the sharks in your area.

Where do you take the course?

You can take the course anywhere, as you needn’t see sharks on the dives, as mentioned above, to complete the course. You can also link it to your PADI advanced open water course, as the first dive of this specialty can count as one of your adventure dives from your advanced course. This course offers a great way to learn more about sharks, one of the most fascinating creatures in the ocean, and to take some steps toward protecting them.

The post The PADI AWARE Shark Conservation Specialty appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

Getting your new mask ready to dive

Dive instructors often encourage new students to purchase a mask. The comfort and confidence that comes with wearing their own mask helps them feel more comfortable in the water, less distracted and more capable of dealing with the task-loading that learning a new skill entails. In addition, your mask is a very personal piece of equipment. Much like a pair of your favorite sneakers molds to your feet, the mask’s soft silicone skirt molds to your face over time and becomes increasingly comfortable.

However, new masks do require pre-treatment before you dive with them. Masks leave the factory with an invisible protective film coating the tempered-glass lenses. Left untreated, a mask is prone to fogging, condensation due to water vapor, and microscopic water droplets on the inside. Fogging will reduce your visibility, as well as compromise your comfort and safety if you can’t see properly underwater. And, if you can’t comfortably keep track of your dive buddy and read your instruments, you’re putting yourself and the rest of your dive group at risk if you become separated or exceed depth, time and turn points.

Ask a group of experienced divers and each will claim to have their own foolproof way to pre-treat their mask to ensure it remains fog-free. There are a few options available and often a combination of methods is the most effective.

Burn your new mask

Many divers are adamant that using fire to burn the silicone coating off the lenses is the most effective way to pre-treat your mask. It is sometimes controversial as, unsurprisingly, taking a naked flame from a cigarette lighter to your shiny new mask may seem counter-intuitive. However, when done correctly, it can be very effective. Importantly, you can only use this method on masks made of tempered glass and which do not have bifocal lenses. The steps are:

• Find a sheltered area at the dive site or on the boat if you’re outside. Don’t position yourself on a windy dive deck where the flame will dance in the wind. You must be precise to make sure you don’t damage the mask’s skirt and frame.
• Try to use a lighter that has a mechanism at sufficient distance from the flame. Unlike using it for a second to light a cigarette, you’ll need to keep the flame ignited for at least several seconds and you don’t want to burn your fingers or the mask’s skirt.
• An ideal tool is a wand-style lighter for candles or barbecue grills that’s got a longer stem and keeps your fingers far away from the flame. If you’ve got one at home, burn your new mask before your trip.
• Hold the lighter’s flame close to the inside of the lens, but not directly in contact with it. Begin at approximately 1.5 to 2 inches (35-50 mm) away from the surface.
• Gently move the flame around the center of the lens in a continuous motion. The intense heat from the flame will make the mask fog and blacken slightly, but you will be able to see the silicone burn away and leave a clear area. When moving the flame closer to the frame be extremely careful not to get too close to the edge or you may burn or deform the skirt.
• When you’re done, remember that the lenses will be hot. Put the mask down on a safe surface where it will remain untouched for 2-3 minutes. Wipe any soot away using a tissue or cloth. Make sure to wipe the soot away from the skirt without smearing it, especially if you have a clear or pale skirt. Once the mask is completely cool, rinse it with water to remove any remaining residue.

Sweet tooth

If you have time to spare, carbonated drinks like Coke or Pepsi are effective sometimes. These types of drinks are known for their abrasive properties. As a diver, you can use them to your benefit.

• Place the mask on a flat, stable surface where you can leave it unattended for an extended period.
• Add Coke or Pepsi to the inner part of the mask so that both lenses have a light covering.
• Leave the mask overnight and, in the morning, rinse with fresh water.

Minty fresh

Some toothpastes also have abrasive properties that can help remove the silicone coating on your new lenses. For the most effective results, many people use the cheapest and most abrasive toothpaste available.

• Gently squeeze a small, pea-sized blob of toothpaste into the center of each lens on the inside.
• Firmly rub the toothpaste around the inside of the lenses with the tip of your finger until you’ve worked the paste into all parts of the lens. In contrast to the burning method, there is no danger in going right to the edge of the lenses where they meet the skirt.
• When done, put a small amount of warm — but not boiling — water into the mask to cover the lenses. Finally, and similarly to the Coke method, leave the mask to stand on a surface where it will be undisturbed for 20-30 minutes.
• Thoroughly rinse your mask and repeat two or three more times. The greater the repetition, the less chance you’ll have a foggy mask or condensation on your initial dives.

Professional treatment

The market offers an abundance of commercial pre-treatment products, each claiming to be the most effective. Usually sold in small bottles, these are hygienic, often effective and unlikely to cause damage to your new mask.

The application process is similar to toothpaste, although it may vary from brand to brand:

• Gently squeeze a small, pea-sized blob of the product into the center of the mask.
• Firmly rub the solution around the inside of the lenses with the tip of your finger. The solutions often have gritty particles that feel similar to sand, facilitating the removal of any silicone coating.
• Leave for a period as recommended by the manufacturer. Rinse your mask and repeat as necessary.

Having completed some or all of the above, your mask should be ready to dive. Despite taking all these steps, there’s a chance you’re your mask will fog during the initial dives. You will also need to treat your mask before each individual dive as normal, whether you choose saliva or a mask de-fogging product.

Treating your new mask and taking a few minutes to remove the factory coating will pay dividends on the initial dives. If you do it properly, you can safely burn your new mask without fear of damaging it. And, while there are no guarantees, carefully preparing your mask may help you have a safer, more enjoyable dive.

The post Training Fundamentals: To Burn or Not to Burn Your New Mask appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

What’s the dive plan?

Most of the podcasts we listened to when researching for Scuba Confidential seemed quite dry and specialized. We wanted to create a light-hearted look at the sport and recreate that sense of camaraderie that divers feel on a trip with friends and fellow divers. We also wanted the podcast to be independent, not beholden to a particular agency or dive center. We wanted to freely voice our opinions as if we were sitting together in a bar after a day’s diving.

We targeted our podcast to cover various subjects — everything from marine conservation to the importance of dive briefings. However, we also hoped it would offer listeners some valuable advice and information, encourage safety and good practice, and benefit divers wishing to develop on their scuba journey.

Who are we?

All three Scuba Confidential hosts are experienced, professional divers. I’m a Master Instructor and have been teaching for more than a decade, working around the world in various locations from the Similan Islands off the coast of Thailand to the warship wreck site of Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands, Scotland. A self-confessed movie and music geek, I love to write, travel and can usually be found, headphones on, creating a new article on my laptop.

Ian and Louise are both PADI Divemasters and love helping new divers on their scuba adventures. Most of their diving takes place in the U.K., so they seize the chance to dive in warm, clear locations while traveling.

Ian recently went on his first liveaboard holiday to the Red Sea and, bitten by the reef-diving bug, plans to explore more dive locations further afield. Louise has been diving since 2005 and can often be found bouncing around the local dive center where she works part-time.

Between us, we have over 40 years’ experience diving all over the world, from the murky depths of U.K. quarries to the tropical waters of Southeast Asia. And, while we don’t proclaim to be experts in every field of scuba diving, we love sharing our experiences with new divers, seasoned scuba addicts, non-divers and anyone else who enjoys listening.

In another part of the U.K., our friend Steve, a graphic designer, put together our Scuba Confidential artwork. Our musician friends Ian and Lara, based in Italy, kindly gave us access to their back catalogue of music to choose something we liked. And together, we edited the opening podcasts and released them on iTunes, Stitcher, Spotify, Acast and YouTube, as well as on our website. You can also find us on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.

What are doing next?

We’re now 24 episodes into our project and have had thousands of downloads. We’ve explored different subject areas and welcomed our first guests to the podcast. During 2019 we hope to do more — to explore more areas of diving, have a more diverse group of guests on the podcast to talk about their diving experiences. and offer advice and opinions on conservation, scuba news and travel.

Want to get involved? We actively encourage interaction with our listeners and we’ve set up a Patreon page so that anyone with an interest in scuba diving can have a voice at Scuba Confidential.

Take your first breaths with Scuba Confidential here:

The post Scuba Confidential Podcast appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

Even when traveling or on vacation, everyone makes choices that can help protect our coral reefs from plastic. The decisions we make can have far-reaching impacts — a plastic bag you use for shopping might end up on a beach many miles away and could hurt the animals that live there. As a scuba diver, you can create the demand for sustainable-diving practices by making responsible choices.

Here, the team at The Reef-World Foundation shares some simple things you can do to reduce your plastic use on your next dive vacation.   

Book with an active Green Fins member

By booking with an active Green Fins member, you’re choosing a dive shop from a network of 500-plus dive-operator members working together to make sustainable diving the norm by reducing their environmental impact. Green Fins members follow a 15-point Code of Conduct which helps them improve their sustainability in various areas above and below the water, including their plastic use. 

 Ask about a dive operator’s plastic use

Knowing where to book and what to bring with you can sometimes seem overwhelming. But remember: the dive starts at home. A little bit of planning before you leave can make a big difference. If you’re not sure whether the dive shop you’re booking with has a plastic policy — ask them. Not only can you confidently book with an operator who has a responsible plastic policy, it can also help you plan what to bring with you. 

Use recycling bins correctly and separate your trash

Just like at home, the four Rs (reduce, refuse, re-use, recycle) are important when traveling. Separate any waste you create and dispose of it correctly. More and more hotels, dive shops and restaurants now have recycling systems to make it easier for you.

 Just say no to single-use plastics

Plastic bottles, straws, stirrers and sachets all add to the problem of single-use plastics. Ask for your drink without a plastic straw or stirrer and say no to them if offered — the more people who speak up against single-use plastics, the less restaurants, bars and other establishments will offer them.

Bring your own reusable water bottle

Lots of dive operators now offer water refills in the shop and on the boats. However, sometimes you’ll still find single-use plastic cups on offer. Bring a reusable water bottle with you on your trip so you don’t get caught out and can minimize the demand for single-use. 

Refuse plastic bags – bring your own reusable bag

It’s likely you already have your own reusable bag for your groceries, so remember to bring this with you on vacation. You can fold it up small enough to squeeze into your suitcase, and it’s is bound to be useful on your trip whether you want to pick up some food from the market, or some local souvenirs that catch your eye.

Pack eco-friendly utensils

It can be particularly hard to avoid single-use plastics when ordering street food or take out. Bringing your own Tupperware and reusable cutlery is a great solution — you’ll be surprised how much waste you can prevent this way!

Collect trash on dives and take part in clean-ups

Lots of dive shops, hotels and resorts organize regular beach or underwater clean-ups. They can be a fun way to meet other eco-minded travelers, so why not join in? Even if you don’t take part in organized beach clean-ups, picking up any trash you see and disposing of it properly can make a big difference. But, if you’re picking up trash on a dive or taking part in an underwater clean-up, make sure you can do so safely and without harming any marine life in the process.

To help you remember all the things you can do, Reef-World has created this handy checklist that you can download free from the website to use, display and share.

The post Say No to Plastic — Here’s How appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

Braids

French braids, double braids, or our personal favorite: diving-princess hair. This small, half French braid starts slightly off-center of your forehead, runs down the side of your head and then ends up in a ponytail that you can also braid. It sounds a bit complicated, but it makes us feel a bit like Xena, Warrior Princess. Regardless of how complex or simple you want to go, braids the best way to keep your locks under control underwater.

Reef-safe conditioners

Leave-in conditioners and coconut oil are good ways to keep your hair moisturized and limit the damage from salt water and sun. Add a good amount to your hair and comb it through before your dive. After the dive(s), try to rinse your hair with fresh water as soon as possible and add a small amount of leave-in conditioner to your hair. To protect the underwater environment, make sure to use reef-safe products. Some of the best are made by Stream2Sea, our go-to for eco-conscious products.

Hoods and Buffs

For a little bit of added control, use a hood or buff to keep your tresses from tangling while in the water. Make sure your hood is not too tight and that you won’t overheat on warm days. Buffs are good alternatives if you’re diving in warm conditions. They also come in handy on the boat, especially on windy boat rides to and from the dive site. You may need to secure them with bobby pins though, as they tend to slide off mid-dive.

Neoprene mask straps

Silicone mask straps often stick to your hair, leaving it tangled and broken. Neoprene mask straps are a good alternative. Some attach to your mask with Velcro, however — a notorious hair-tangler in and of itself. Rather, choose a neoprene mask strap cover. They slip over the silicone mask strap, making your mask strap easier to put on and take off while protecting your hair at the same time.

The magic of detangling brushes

A detangling brush is a must for any diver with long locks. They are usually made of plastic (yes, we know) with bristles that vary in length. We are not sure exactly how it works, but it’s absolute magic for post-dive tangled hair.

While your hair obviously isn’t your first concern when diving, keeping it out of your face can make a dive all the more enjoyable. We hope that these tips on taming your diving mane help just a little bit to let your inner mermaid shine through.

The post How to Tame Your Diving Mane appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

Say what?

In terms of a trend to watch, bluetooth communication technology and underwater communication might see some significant advances. Hand signals, rattles, bangers, and air horns are rather pedestrian means of communication in a uber-connected topside world, though many would argue that one of the most pleasurable aspects of diving is the respite it offers from the clamor of dry land.

Buddy Watcher tries to keep the peace. This wrist-mounted device silently buzzes your buddy using ultrasound technology to create a vibration.

Oceans S1, a dive computer that incorporates buddy communication, just smashed its Kickstarter launch goal. As well as giving you all the standard dive data, you can also ‘ping’ other users with soundless ultrasonic waves to get their attention.

Now you’re talking

These inventions are still quite a way from holding a conversation underwater — which is where the full-face mask comes in. Commercial divers, research teams, filmmakers, and public safety divers have been using full-face masks and talking to their colleagues for years. Only now is the full-face mask beginning to appear in recreational diving. Costs are quite high — masks range from $600 to $1,600 — and communications devices are around $500. Training to use both is around $500 as well. Increased popularity will drive the price down and could create some fundamental changes in how we communicate while diving.

Configurations

The sidemount configuration has been another crossover from technical diving. Originally developed by cave divers to streamline and offer better access to their gear, sidemount exploded into open-water diving. Not only has the streamlined comfort made it attractive to recreational divers, the gear is also more suitable for travel. It offers relief to those with knee or back problems, and it makes wobbling around a dive boat with heavy gear a thing of the past. Recent agency changes allow for entry-level certification in sidemount as well. The growth of this configuration, for now, will come from existing divers looking for comfort and better streamlining, so it’s certainly going to become more commonplace on the boat.

Recycling isn’t just for sustainable consumerism

Rebreather diving was a game changer for technical divers. The ability to recycle your gas supply and breathe the optimal mix for different depths increased dive times and decreased helium costs, making longer exploration dives a reality. The cost and overly-technical nature of these units has prohibited most recreational divers from considering them, but as simpler, more affordable units launch to appeal to the recreational market, dive agencies have followed suit with training. Apart from increased bottom time, a rebreather allows the diver unparalleled interaction with marine life, which makes these units hugely popular with photographers and videographers. Cost-wise they are on par with the more-expensive camera setups.

Exploring remote dive destinations

With faster air travel and more connections, another trend in scuba diving will be the relative ease of exploring remoter dive destinations. Many European dive spots, the Maldives, and Red Sea resorts are accessible within a full day’s travel. Most Caribbean Islands now have international airports, and even previously remote destinations in Indonesia such as Raja Ampat and Komodo have seen dive visitors rise exponentially in recent years. Far-flung destinations such as Timor-Leste and Ambon/Banda Sea in Indonesia, scuba diving in Argentina’s Patagonia region and customized cruises with snorkeling options to Antarctica are becoming more popular as well.

Eco-diving

The BBC’s “Blue Planet II” brought ocean health into the mainstream. It has driven debate and accelerated reforms, and it’s also created an increased desire to help preserve the ocean. Divers are looking for more involvement rather than just passive enjoyment, and eco-programs are on the rise.

In a future post, we’ll look further into eco-diving and voluntourism, and how you can get involved in the ocean’s future and come away from your next diving vacation with more than memories.

The post Trends in Scuba Diving appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

Once at depth, a slight current means one guest is colliding with the seafloor, grabbing onto anything in sight for stability. Another is completely engrossed with his camera — flash on. He’s completely unaware that he’s destroying visibility by kicking up sand as he tries to maintain position. Finally, you cringe as you a loose, trailing octopus break off a sea fan. What can you do in situations like these? The Green Fins initiative by the Reef-World Foundation attempts to create better, more eco-conscious divers. They’ve just released a free online training course to help do so: the Green Fins Dive Guide e-Course.

Confronting ocean challenges

The diving industry is booming, with over one million newly certified divers each year. Reef-based tourism activities generate $19 billion on an annual basis. Reef tourism draws visitors to over 100 countries and territories around the world. But these businesses depend on healthy coral reefs, which are facing widespread threats, such as overfishing, climate change and severe bleaching events. Protecting coral reefs from the impacts of an increasing number of divers makes them more resilient to these global threats and, therefore, has never been more important.

Faced with this challenge, the Reef-World Foundation has distilled 10-years’ experience coordinating the Green Fins initiative among the global dive community to create a unique, free online training course: The Green Fins Dive Guide e-Course. The foundation designed the course to build on the existing knowledge, experience and passion of local dive guides by empowering them with greater environmental knowledge and tools to better manage their guests.

The Green Fins Dive Guide e-Course

The course consists of three modules, followed by corresponding tests on an intuitive, user-friendly platform:

• Module 1: An introduction to coral-reef biology: The Green Fins approach. This module explains why it’s imperative to protect reefs and how guides can use Green Fins resources, such as posters and guidelines, to support their daily work.
• Module 2: Management techniques above water. These include ways to plan an environmentally friendly dive and also maximize the opportunity of an effective environmental pre-dive briefing to encourage guests to limit their environmental impact.
• Module 3: How to confidently lead a dive using positive role model behavior and follow through with underwater corrections. This module includes tips on helping guests adjust buoyancy, for example, followed by an explanation and positive reinforcement once the dive is over. Research has shown divers who receive environmental information in pre-dive briefings coupled with interventions underwater cause significantly less damage to coral.

Helping customers help the ocean

The plight of our oceans is no longer a secret and more people are choosing environmentally responsible businesses as a way to make positive change. Dive guides are in an optimum position to use their experience and knowledge to implement behavior changes that support healthy reefs and encourage others to do the same. This new course for dive guides can help them pass along a greater sense of confidence and can instill a sense of engagement with the underwater world in their customers. Dive centers can also offer the course as an accompanying certification to those undertaking divemaster courses. The dive industry is a close-knit community and Green Fins members and certified guides also benefit from support from the Green Fins network as well as promotion through the ever-expanding Green Fins community.

While advising or correcting a customer might seem daunting, implementing the Green Fins Dive e-Course can help give dive guides a new level of confidence when liaising with customers. In turn, this can help create better, more informed divers who will take their new-found knowledge with them wherever they go, helping make the scenarios described above things of the past.

The Green Fins Dive Guide e-Course is completely free. Users who want to display their completion certificate (to attract environmentally-minded customers) can pay (£19/$24) for a certificate at the end of the course. All fees go toward The Reef-World Foundation’s work to protect coral reefs.

Guest post by Rebecca Gillham, The Reef-World Foundation

The post Protecting the Reef with the Green Fins Dive Guide e-Course appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

And, rather than wasting the dust covers on summaries or reviews, Davis has instead filled them with useful information. The front dust-cover features a quick reference guide to page numbers for each of the animals in the book; and the back dust-cover features a guide to seasonality for each region of Costa Rica so you can time your trip perfectly. The pages between these two handy guides hold descriptions of nearly every dive site — and animal — you may encounter in Costa Rica.

Davis has divided the book into four main parts: a brief introduction, a section on marine life, a section on scuba diving and snorkeling, and a conclusion. Each section is color-coordinated as well, so you can jump right to what you want to read. Readers will, of course, spend most of their time in the middle two sections, looking up either specific animals or specific dive sites and regions.

Marine Life

The marine-life section begins with sharks — which is apt, since that’s what most divers have come to see. Costa Rica’s waters are home to dozens of shark species, but Davis concentrates on the 14 most common. All but two, she says, inhabit Cocos Island, which represents the pinnacle of Costa Rica diving — and maybe the world. Before she breaks into individual shark species, however, Davis takes the time to explain a bit about these apex predators to the readers. She offers information on all of sharks’ senses, including sight, smell, electroreception, touch, taste, and sound & vibration.

She begins coverage of individual sharks with the iconic scalloped hammerhead, so closely associated with Cocos Island. Readers will get a chart of facts about each shark, including information on their distribution, scientific name, weight, lifespan and more. Each species then gets between two and eight pages, filled with more tidbits about the shark, including the best dive sites to see them.

After the shark section, the marine-life section is further broken down into ones on rays, marine mammals, sea turtles, fish, eels and invertebrates. Each entry provides some quick facts as well as the best place to see each animal.

Scuba Diving & Snorkeling

Just as useful as the marine-life section of “Costa Rica Blue” is the dive-site section. Here you can search the country based on potential destination rather than possible animal sightings. She’s broken the geographic areas of the country down into Cocos Island, the North Pacific, Central and South Pacific, and Caribbean.

Cocos Island gets over 100 pages, the lion’s share of the section. Further, there are three more subsections here: ‘Discover Cocos Island,’ ‘History,’ and ‘Dive Sites.’ Any potential Cocos diver would be wise to pore over these pages, filled with interesting factoids, such as average air and water temperature and the best dive sites for each and every animal that calls the island home.

The North Pacific and Central & South Pacific sections offer plenty of details as well, beginning with general descriptions of the area’s diving and seasonality and then drilling down into individual dive areas and sites. Divers planning a trip to the Pacific Costa Rican coast will want to spend some time in these two sections, and perhaps decide on a holiday destination accordingly.

Finally, Davis touches briefly on the diving off the Caribbean coast, which is quite limited due to inconsistent visibility. Although there are opportunities to splash in, Davis lets the reader know that any diving or snorkeling here should be an extra perk on a trip already planned.

Overall, “Costa Rica Blue” is an invaluable resource for anyone planning a trip to either the mainland or Cocos Island to dive. Even non-divers can enjoy the full-color spreads and copious information on a wide variety of marine life. And, after reading and seeing what they’re missing, they might just decide to join the fun underwater — in Costa Rica or elsewhere.

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Motor or sail?

While most dive operations use motor vessels such as zodiacs or larger craft, some have delved into the sail/liveaboard and sail/dive trend. Gaining a sail license benefits those who want to undertake a more-skilled and sometimes more complex commitment. Sail and motor qualifications differ. But most courses, whether based on wind or engine, will teach students the importance of tides, wind, flags, knots, harbor lights and so forth. All this knowledge will prove critical in a nautical job. 

Employment or leisure?

Most dive employers around the globe must legally ensure that their captains have a license. So, there’s no questioning the importance of finishing the course if you wish to work as a skipper. You’ll likely become highly sought after, as a divemaster or instructor with a captain’s license can fulfill two jobs. In addition, the ability to rent a boat or purchase and capably pilot one of your own is a great benefit when you’re no longer seeking dive-industry employment. 

Which organization? 

The Royal Yachting Association (RYA) is one of the world’s leading boating organizations, responsible for qualifying millions of boat enthusiasts. It’s a fantastic example of a professional organization that offers a plethora of attainable and affordable courses. For most divers, especially those who would pilot zodiacs and RIBs, the RYA Powerboat Level 2 is a great choice. With no prerequisites, the two-day, £340 ($440) course can begin at the age of 12. At 16, a student can earn a full license.

Students will learn nautical practices including launching and recovery, boat handling, securing to and from a buoy, anchoring, leaving and coming alongside and man overboard. While these skills may not allow students to sail around the world, this license is a good start when it comes to working on a dive vessel. In short, attaining your captain’s license, or some nautical qualification, is nearly always a good idea when it comes to obtaining dive-industry employment.

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There are various circumstances when being able to clear your mask comfortably pays dividends. Under what circumstances might water leak into your mask — or might you want to let water into your mask — once it’s seated on your face? Here are a few of the most common.

A poorly fitting mask

If you’re diving in rental equipment, the chances are the mask is just a stock item from the dive center. Everyone’s face has a different shape. And, while a mask may be absolutely fine for someone else, it may not fit you.

Solution: A well-fitting dive mask should be one of the first things you buy as a new scuba diver. Visit your local dive shop to find one that works for you. If you are renting, try several masks for fit before committing to one for the dive.

An incorrectly seated mask

If it’s too high, low, tight or loose on your face, then your mask will leak, so ensure the mask is seated correctly on your face. Bring it to your face and — on this occasion only — inhale through your nose. If the mask sticks to your face when you inhale, slide the strap into place at the widest part of the back of your head. If not, readjust. Make sure the mask strap is neither too loose nor too tight since either extreme will cause leakage.

Solution: Take some time pre-dive to double-check your mask. Your mask should be on and correctly positioned when you confirm your readiness to enter the water.

Whisker worries

Male divers sometimes have problems with mask leakage due to facial hair — usually stubble — which leaves them with a steady dribble of water infiltrating their mask during the dive.

Solution: Maintain either a full beard or, ideally, remain clean-shaven. While some divers report vaseline on the top lip helps, a smooth face will work better.

Buddy banter

This is arguably the most common cause of mask leakage — during the dive your face shape changes, usually due to smiling or laughter. Consequently, water leaks into your mask, slowing oozing in the bottom with each chuckle.

Solution: Wear your best ‘poker face’ during the dive to maintain a smooth seal.

Bumping and banging

Objects appear larger underwater. This, combined with immersion in an unfamiliar environment, can lead to misjudgments of space or contact with other divers. Consequently, your mask can become dislodged mask. Either by self-infliction or a boisterous diver on a busy shot line, a bumped mask may temporarily break its seal and let in some water.

Solution: Be aware of your surroundings and leave a safe distance from other divers where possible.

Floppy fringe

Hair that has fallen inside your mask when initially seating it on your face will cause a leak. If hair can get inside the sealed skirt, so can water.

Solution: Sweep your hair out of the mask’s contact area. Be sure you’ve got an effective seal before entering the water.

Watch the fog

Incorrectly prepared and new masks have greater tendency to fog up, leaving you with compromised vision. You’ve got two options if this happens — either abort the dive or deliberately let a little water into your mask and clear it.

Solution: If you have a new mask, make sure you’ve properly prepared it before your trip and not straight from the box. Treat it with de-fog or spit before you jump in. Once you’ve done so, keep the mask on your face to maintain a seal from the outside world and prevent fogging before you submerge.

Clearing your mask: step by step

Many instructors immediately teach students how to clear a partially-flooded mask. However, if teaching this as a new skill or to hone the skill, it’s wise to first become comfortable with the concept that the mask is purely for the purpose of vision. Airway control and mask clearing are two processes intertwined.

Step 1: Master your airways

Airway control is the first skill to master: deliberately changing where you breathe in and out and breathing past small amounts of water. Stand in the shallow end of a swimming pool. Remove your mask and loop it over your left arm. While your head out of the water, put in your regulator and breathe in through your mouth and out through your nose. If you struggle, pinch your nostrils closed while inhaling through your mouth and release them as you exhale through the nose.

As you find a comfortable pattern, bend at the waist and put your face in the water. If you feel the urge to breathe in through your nose, hold your nostrils closed again with your right hand until you regain your natural breathing pattern, then release them and continue. Begin in small increments of five- to 10-second intervals of no-mask breathing and build up to approximately one minute without holding your nostrils.

When you’ve mastered Step 1, move unto Step 2 while beneath the surface and with the mask in place.

Step 2: Practice deliberately

Find a comfortable position underwater and begin by gently allowing water into your mask. You must do this smoothly, as a sudden rush of water can cause a reflexive urge to inhale through your nose as the water hits the face and nostrils. Breach your mask’s seal from the top. Either slowly pull the frame away very slightly and use a fingertip to break the seal, or gently pinch the top of the silicone skirt together to cause a fold. Maintain the natural breathing pattern you learned in step one, only holding your nostrils if you feel the urge to inhale through your nose.

Step 3: Press the frame of your mask

Begin with a comfortable breathing pattern. Inhale through the mouth, not the nose, as outlined in step one. Firmly press the frame at the top edge of your mask — not the skirt — using your fingertips or the heel of your palm to create a ‘hinge.’ This allows the air pressure you’re about to add to blast water out of the bottom of the mask. Don’t lift the bottom edge of the mask – it’s unnecessary and you’ll simply allow water to flood back in.

Step 4: Breathe out

Take a slow, deep inhalation through your mouth. Then, begin to firmly exhale through your nose while maintaining the pressure on the very top of the mask’s frame. The exhalation shouldn’t be a burst or a gentle blow, but rather forceful blow a lasting one or two seconds. If one breath is not sufficient, repeat the process until there is just a small amount of water at the bottom of your mask. With practice, you’ll likely learn to clear your mask in one breath.

Step 5: Look up

To get the last of the water out, look up at a 45-degree angle as you finish your exhale. This assists the hinge effect of pressing on your mask and drives what’s left of the water from the mask. Don’t begin this stage until the final stages of the process or you’ll simply tip water up your nose.

Step 6: Remove rogue water

If wearing a twin-lens mask, you may find one lens fully cleared and the other lens still has a bit of water inside. In this case, simply put pressure on the frame above the cleared lens and repeat steps four and five. When done, resume your normal diving breathing pattern.

The rest is practice. And, with practice, you’ll find that clearing your mask needn’t be stressful and doing so confidently will help you become a competent diver.

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Dive resort

Investing in — and relocating to — a dive resort is one way to change your lifestyle and become involved in a dive business. Dive resorts typically generate revenues from selling accommodation/dive packages. They may also offer dive training and souvenirs. Some resorts enhance their dive packages further by adding unique programs like summer kid’s camps and specialized events, such as technical-diving or photography and videography workshops.

Knowledge of local legislation and labor laws is essential when investing in foreign countries. You must also become versed in local culture and etiquette. Knowledge of hospitality, resort/hotel management, and marketing skills helps with this type of dive business. If you can, attend dive shows and conferences to network with travel agents and dive centers.

Dive shop

If you’re not looking to relocate, local dive shops are usually already established in larger metropolitan areas. These businesses depend on dive-equipment sales, training, and travel to generate revenue. This type of business will require retail experience, inventory management, and sales knowledge. You’ll also need to have dive instructors on staff to offer training and lead group trips. Many retailers in this internet age must add value to their retail services to compete against online sellers. Offering dive travel to exotic destinations adds lifestyle to this type of business and also keeps clientele active and generates revenues during off-seasons.

Invest in yourself

Entry-level scuba instructors work for passion and lifestyle more than money. But if you specialize and gain time and experience in a specific diving field, you can increase your earning potential. Instructors who build experience in areas such as photography/videography and technical diving, or advance to become Instructor Trainers themselves, can make more than just a living and either work freelance or affiliate with a dive center/resort.

Yacht/liveaboard

For those with maritime or sailing experience, investing in a liveaboard or sailboat/yacht that offers diving charters is a chance to combine two passions with a business model.  This type of operation allows freedom to travel and relocate or to customize diving trips and itineraries. Yachts and liveaboards do have high maintenance costs and require additional skills as well like hospitality and mechanical knowledge for boat maintenance.

Travel agent

Our final business model combines the passions of travel and diving. If you’ve got extensive travel experience, attention to detail and enjoy logistical work and event planning, then promoting and selling dive travel can be profitable with minimal investment. Startup costs and can include a physical location or you can conduct business purely online. Travel agents work with dive resorts and liveaboards to book individuals, couples, or groups for dive trips, taking a commission. Attending dive shows, conventions and travel/trade shows is essential, as well as good marketing and communication skills. Travel agents often receive complimentary familiarization trips as a benefit of working within the industry.

Whichever business piques your interest, run your due diligence on any potential investment, especially in foreign countries. Pay attention to local customs, cultures and employment laws, as well as tax laws. Work in the field and country you want to invest in for at least several months before doing so to be sure that turning a passion into a business doesn’t become an unwanted burden. With the right research and business model and lots of hard work, you’ll find the dive industry is a great way to make a living.

Author Andy Phillips is a PADI Course Director and Technical Instructor Trainer. He’s got degrees in business/marketing and e-commerce, as well as over 20 years of professional and business experience in the dive industry. He offers consulting services for new dive businesses or people seeking expert advice for entering the dive industry.

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Oceanic whitetip sharks, Cat Island 

Migrating tuna attract oceanic whitetips to Cat Island. The long, thin island sits right at the edge of the continental shelf, bringing the Atlantic’s deep waters close to shore. Oceanic whitetip sharks are large, pelagic requiem sharks. This stocky shark’s most distinctive features are its long, white-tipped, rounded fins. The first dorsal fin is distinctively large and rounded, and the paddle-like pectoral fins are very long and wide. They are quite stocky and can grow up to 13 feet long (4 m).

Depleted in much of their range, the oceanic whitetip population of the outer Bahamian islands is still thriving, making this a unique and rare encounter. The best time to see them is in April and May, when both the sharks and sport fishermen are there to land a big catch. The species is usually solitary, but individuals congregate around Cat Island when food is plentiful.

Boats attract the sharks by throwing dead fish into the water…and then waiting. The first sign of arrival is the distinctive white dorsal fin popping out of the water. The sharks hang out just under the surface and down to about 40 feet (12 m). With the clear, blue water and amazing visibility, the sharks look spectacular.

Monitor your depth closely during these dives as although you are just under the surface, you are diving in very deep water where you may not even see the bottom. To get here, first fly to Nassau on New Providence and catch a smaller plane to Cat Island.

Tiger sharks, Grand Bahama

Grand Bahama is a well-known vacation destination and home to the famous Tiger Beach dive site, located on the island’s west end, roughly 20 miles (32 km) off the coast. The best time to see tigers here is between October and January when numbers are usually greater.

Tiger sharks are so named for the beautiful stripes on their bodies which are quite vivid when they are young and fade with age. Growing up to 18 feet (5.5 m) long and weighing up to 2,000 pounds (907 kg), they are an awesome sight up close. Tigers are the fourth largest shark and second-largest predatory shark, behind only the great white.

Tiger Beach is quite shallow, so wear extra weight to keep you planted on your knees in the sand while you sit and watch the show. Again, boats will use bait to entice the sharks in. Lemon sharks and nurse sharks frequently appear as well.

One of the Bahamas’ most popular destinations, Grand Bahama is less than 60 miles from the Florida coast, making it a fast, easy and affordable flight. 

Great hammerhead sharks, Bimini 

Great hammerheads, the largest of the species, can reach maximum lengths of 20 feet (6 m). And with their distinctive head shape and long, graceful bodies, this makes for an unforgettable encounter. Bimini has three islands: North, South, and East Bimini, with most dive operators running out of North Bimini. The dive sites are quite close to shore and only about a 20-minute boat ride. The dive site itself is very shallow, so the same applies as at Tiger Beach — you’ll want to overweight yourself to stay stable on your knees while you watch the show.

A shark wrangler will hand-feed these beautiful sharks, bringing them extremely close to divers. Bull sharks and nurse sharks will likely be hanging around nearby as an added bonus. The best time to see them around Bimini is from December to April.

Just 50 miles (80 km) off Florida’s coast, Bimini is the closest Bahamian island to the United States. The main airport is on South Bimini and it’s quick and easy to travel to North Bimini via water taxi if you’re using a dive operator there.

Caribbean reef sharks, New Providence 

New Providence is the most populated Bahamian island and home to the capital, Nassau. Most dive sites are southwest of New Providence, thanks to the deep trench called the “Tongue of the Ocean” that nears land here. A short boat trip delivers you to sites with plentiful Caribbean reef sharks, which display the characteristic shark form. They’ve got long, powerful, streamlined bodies, a large dorsal fin, and greyish upperparts fading into a white underside.

The sharks have made their permanent home here, so they are common on these sites without baiting. If you wish for an up-close encounter, some dive operators feed the sharks, which can be an exhilarating experience. Unlike the other experiences listed here, you can see Caribbean reef sharks year-round.

Nassau has a busy international airport with direct routes to many cities worldwide. If you’re flying on to an outer island, you’ll likely connect through Nassau as well.

Choosing an operator 

Many dive operators run these trips; some are land-based, and some are liveaboard. With a little research you can find the one that suits your needs, but whichever you choose, be sure to listen closely to recommendations and safety briefings when diving with any sharks. Get to know local regulations and protocols. Safety for both you and the sharks is paramount to allowing continued interactions in the future.

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